Fitting regression models, GLMs, etc.
Fox, J., & Weisberg, S. (2019). An R companion to applied regression (3rd ed.). London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
See also online material, including free appendices and R code.
Data transformation and visualisation
Healy, K. (2019). Data Visualization: A Practical Introduction. Princeton University Press. (Free online version.)
Wickham, H., Mine Cetinkaya-Rundel, & Grolemund, G. (2023). R for data science: Import, tidy, transform, visualize, and model data (2nd ed.). O’Reilly Media. (Free online version.)
Chang, W. (2020). R Graphics Cookbook (2nd ed.). Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly. (Free online version.)
Lüdecke D (2018). ggeffects: Tidy Data Frames of Marginal Effects from Regression Models. Journal of Open Source Software, 3(26), 772. doi: 10.21105/joss.00772
This is very handy for getting predictions from models, focusing on the effect of predictors of interest whilst holding covariates at some fixed values like a mean or (for factors) mode.
See also the package website for illustrative examples.
Gelman, A. (2011). Tables as graphs: The Ramanujan principle. Significance, 8, 183.
Missing data imputation
Van Buuren, S. (2018). Flexible Imputation of Missing Data. Second Edition.. Chapman & Hall/CRC. Boca Raton, FL. (Free online version.)
See also the package website.
P-values
Greenland, S., Senn, S. J., Rothman, K. J., Carlin, J. B., Poole, C., Goodman, S. N., & Altman, D. G. (2016). Statistical tests, P values, confidence intervals, and power: a guide to misinterpretations. European Journal of Epidemiology, 31, 337–350.
“… correct use and interpretation of these statistics requires an attention to detail which seems to tax the patience of working scientists.”
Colquhoun, D. (2014). An investigation of the false discovery rate and the misinterpretation of p-values. Royal Society Open Science, 1, 140216. doi: 10.1098/rsos.140216
This generated lots of debate – I like how it attempts to use Bayes rule to turn p-values into something useful and the explanation in terms of diagnostic test properties. See also this on PPV and NPV.
Rafi, Z., & Greenland, S. (2020). Semantic and cognitive tools to aid statistical science: replace confidence and significance by compatibility and surprise. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 20(1), 244. doi: 10.1186/s12874-020-01105-9
Interesting proposal to use s-values, calculated from p-values as −log₂(p). It’s a simple transformation: p is probability of getting all heads from −log₂(p) fair coin tosses. For example if p = 0.5 then s = 1; toss a coin once then the probability of head is 0.5. If p = 0.03125 then s = 5; toss a coin 5 times then the probability of all heads is 0.03125. But the s-value is supposedly easier to think about. I’m not sure if it really is, but I like the idea!
Updated 13 August 2023